Fur only goes so far...Certainly some dog breeds are adapted for colder temperatures (Huskies, Malamutes, St. Bernards, etc.), though most aren’t. If you’re feeling cold enough that you think it’s time to go inside, chances are your pet feels the same way. Puppies and kittens have a harder time keeping warm—so be very careful with them.

Wind-chill...can threaten a pet's life, no matter what the temperature. Outdoor dogs must be protected by a dry, draft-free doghouse that is large enough to allow the dog to sit and lie down comfortably, but small enough to hold in his/her body heat. The floor should be raised a few inches off the ground and covered with cedar shavings or straw. The house should be turned to face away from the wind, and the doorway should be covered with a flap of heavy waterproof fabric or heavy plastic.

Warm car engines...are dangerous for cats and small wildlife. Parked cars attract small animals that may crawl up under the hood looking for warmth. To avoid injuring any hidden animals, bang on your car's hood to scare them away before starting your engine.

Don’t rub it in—the salt, that is...Well-meaning neighbors and shopkeepers treat sidewalks against the elements to avoid slips, but the salt can cause cracked skin, bleeding of animal paws, and if ingested can be very toxic. After your pets come in from the cold, wipe their paw pads with warm water and dry the paws completely to avoid any rawness. Checking your pet’s whiskers, ears and tails for any dampness can also help to avoid discomfort. Also, if your pet has been walking or playing in deeper snow, be sure to clean and dry his belly. This practice will also prevent the accidental ingestion of any antifreeze or de-icing chemicals that your pet may have on his fur.

Antifreeze is a deadly poison...However, it has a sweet taste that attracts animals and children. Wipe up spills and store antifreeze out of reach. Better yet, use antifreeze-coolant made with propylene glycol; if swallowed in small amounts, it will not hurt pets, wildlife, or people.

Comfort food...Pets spending a lot of time outdoors need more food in the winter because keeping warm depletes energy stores. Routinely check your pet's water dish to make certain the water is fresh and not frozen. Use plastic food and water bowls rather than metal; when the temperature is low, your pet's tongue can stick and freeze to metal.

Lost! The ASPCA reports that more dogs are lost during the winter than during any other season. Never let your dog off the leash on snow or ice, especially during a snowstorm—dogs can lose their scent and easily become lost. Ensure your pets always wear up-to-date ID tags or are microchipped to help the chances that you are reunited.